...So this is the paradox of how sweeteners work: they do perform the function for which they were invented – they add sweetness to foods and desserts we crave – but even though they don’t have as many calories as sugar and other naturally sweet substances, ultimately, they don’t help reduce body fat. Indeed, they cause health problems associated with increased body fat, so we end up with the same result.
Why use them?
Why use them?
Innovative Sweeteners coming to the market... also check out the Google Alert Industry News for more products coming to the market. HERE
Acesulfame K - E950 (marketed as Twinsweet & Sunnet®) often twinned with Sucralose and Aspartame is a non-nutritive, non-calorific sweetener, also called acesulfame potassium (K is the chemical name for potassium) 130-200 times sweeter than sugar and is not metabolised by the body which means it remains in the water supply when excreted. It also is available as stand-alone sweetening products such as Sweet One® or Swiss Sweet® although these products are not as popular as other packet products, such as NutraSweet®.
Possible Side Effects of Acesulfame Potassium E950
Sidney J.Stohs(a) Mark J.S.Miller(b)
a Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
b Research and Development, AdvoCare International, Plano, TX 74074, USA
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume 63, January 2014, Pages 240-243
Abstract
A case study is reported whereby an individual with known sulfite and sulfonamide allergies develops hypersensitivity to taurine above a threshold level as well as to the non-nutritive sweetener acesulfame potassium, compounds that are not normally associated with allergic reactions. Sulfites, sulfonamides, taurine and acesulfame potassium all contain a SO3 moiety. Challenge tests provide evidence for the hypersensitivities to taurine and acesulfame potassium. The subject is also allergic to thiuram mix and thimerosal, sulfur containing compounds, as well as to various food products. This may be the first case where hypersensitivities to taurine and acesulfame potassium have been documented and reported. Several mechanistic explanations are provided for the untoward reactions to taurine and acesulfame potassium.
Cong WN(1), Wang R, Cai H, Daimon CM, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Bohr VA, Turkin R, Wood WH 3rd, Becker KG, Moaddel R, Maudsley S, Martin B.
1 Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8)
...Our data suggest that chronic use of ACK could affect cognitive functions, potentially via altering neuro-metabolic functions in male C57BL/6J mice.
A.Mukherjee(a) J.Chakrabarti†
a Centre for Advanced Studies on Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700 019 India
b Central Food Laboratory, 3 Kyd Street, Calcutta-700 016, India
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume 35, Issue 12, December 1997, Pages 1177-1179
... In view of the present significant in vivo mammalian genotoxicity data, acesulfame-K should be used with caution...
Tagatose or D-Tagatose (Naturlose is the brand name)
Lactilol. Lactose (milk sugar) hydrolysed to glucose and galactose (galactose is also a milk sugar). Low calorie 1.5cal/gm compared to 4cal/gm - apparently low or zero GI (glycemic index). Tagatose is a modified sugar.
Reports of stomach upsets/laxative effect in doses above 50gm per day. A report of causing nausea when consuming 20g in one sitting.
FDA have not set a guideline for Acceptable Intake but it enjoys a GRAS status by the FDA. (GRAS- Generally Recognised As Safe)!! (don't even get me started!) It's now sold as 'Tagatesse' (which also includes a small amount of Sucralose).
It's on the 'Cut Back' list on the CSPI website (Centre for Science in the Public Interest)
Buemann B(1), Gesmar H, Astrup A, Quistorff B.
1 Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10):1335-9.
D-tagatose, which is a stereoisomer of D-fructose, is phosphorylated to D-tagatose-1-phosphate by fructokinase in the liver. Because of a slow degradation rate of D-tagatose-1-phosphate, this substance may accumulate, and ingested D-tagatose may therefore cause a longer lasting reduction in inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the liver compared with D-fructose...
...Although renal fractional extraction of uric acid decreased by approximately 12%, this could not explain the acute hyperuricemic effect of D-tagatose. No changes in 31PMRS spectra or serum uric acid concentration were found after D-fructose. These results suggest that a moderate intake of D-tagatose may affect liver metabolism by phosphate trapping despite the fact that the sugar may only be incompletely absorbed in the gut.
Saunders JP(1), Donner TW, Sadler JH, Levin GV, Makris NG.
1 Biospherics Incorporated, 12051 Indian Creek Court, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;29(2 Pt 2):S57-65.
...The ingestion of three 25-g doses per day for a period of 8 weeks resulted in varying amounts of flatulence in seven of the eight subjects, and some degree of diarrhea in six subjects....
Neotame - E961 (Newtame is the trade name) Neotame.com is part of Nutrasweet.com (Aspartame)
Neotame is 15 times sweeter than sucralose and 8,000 times sweeter than sugar...
- Fooditive, a new artificial sweetener, is good for the planet. But is it good for us? HERE
- Is Allulose the Natural Sweetener You’ve Been Searching For? Not enough research yet. HERE
I emailed the company to find out exactly what was in 'Fooditive' and didn't hear back. It's currently available only in the Netherlands.
Acesulfame K - E950 (marketed as Twinsweet & Sunnet®) often twinned with Sucralose and Aspartame is a non-nutritive, non-calorific sweetener, also called acesulfame potassium (K is the chemical name for potassium) 130-200 times sweeter than sugar and is not metabolised by the body which means it remains in the water supply when excreted. It also is available as stand-alone sweetening products such as Sweet One® or Swiss Sweet® although these products are not as popular as other packet products, such as NutraSweet®.
Possible Side Effects of Acesulfame Potassium E950
- Acesulfame Potassium E950 contains acetoacetic acid which can hamper the metabolism of the body.
- Rats tested with Acesulfame Potassium E950 have shown it can lead to higher chances of developing breast tumors.
- Methylene chloride is used in paint stripper, degreaser and propellant gas. Long-term exposure to methylene chloride can cause headaches, depression, nausea, diarrhea, mental confusion, liver effects, kidney effects, visual disturbances, and cancer in humans.
- Methylene chloride is used as a solvent in the manufacturing process of acesulfame potassium, can lead to side effects such as: Headaches, Liver complications, Mental confusion, Cancerous developments, Visual impairment and Renal diseases.
A case study involving allergic reactions to sulfur-containing compounds
including, sulfite, taurine, acesulfame potassium and sulfonamides - HERE
Sidney J.Stohs(a) Mark J.S.Miller(b)
a Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
b Research and Development, AdvoCare International, Plano, TX 74074, USA
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume 63, January 2014, Pages 240-243
Abstract
A case study is reported whereby an individual with known sulfite and sulfonamide allergies develops hypersensitivity to taurine above a threshold level as well as to the non-nutritive sweetener acesulfame potassium, compounds that are not normally associated with allergic reactions. Sulfites, sulfonamides, taurine and acesulfame potassium all contain a SO3 moiety. Challenge tests provide evidence for the hypersensitivities to taurine and acesulfame potassium. The subject is also allergic to thiuram mix and thimerosal, sulfur containing compounds, as well as to various food products. This may be the first case where hypersensitivities to taurine and acesulfame potassium have been documented and reported. Several mechanistic explanations are provided for the untoward reactions to taurine and acesulfame potassium.
Long-term artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium treatment
alters neurometabolic functions in C57BL/6J mice. HERE
1 Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Aug 7;8(8)
...Our data suggest that chronic use of ACK could affect cognitive functions, potentially via altering neuro-metabolic functions in male C57BL/6J mice.
In vivo cytogenetic studies on mice exposed to acesulfame-K—
A non-nutritive sweetener - HERE
A.Mukherjee(a) J.Chakrabarti†
a Centre for Advanced Studies on Cell and Chromosome Research, Department of Botany, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta-700 019 India
b Central Food Laboratory, 3 Kyd Street, Calcutta-700 016, India
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume 35, Issue 12, December 1997, Pages 1177-1179
... In view of the present significant in vivo mammalian genotoxicity data, acesulfame-K should be used with caution...
Lactilol. Lactose (milk sugar) hydrolysed to glucose and galactose (galactose is also a milk sugar). Low calorie 1.5cal/gm compared to 4cal/gm - apparently low or zero GI (glycemic index). Tagatose is a modified sugar.
Reports of stomach upsets/laxative effect in doses above 50gm per day. A report of causing nausea when consuming 20g in one sitting.
FDA have not set a guideline for Acceptable Intake but it enjoys a GRAS status by the FDA. (GRAS- Generally Recognised As Safe)!! (don't even get me started!) It's now sold as 'Tagatesse' (which also includes a small amount of Sucralose).
It's on the 'Cut Back' list on the CSPI website (Centre for Science in the Public Interest)
Effects of oral D-tagatose, a stereoisomer of D-fructose, on liver metabolism
in man as examined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HERE
Buemann B(1), Gesmar H, Astrup A, Quistorff B.
1 Research Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10):1335-9.
D-tagatose, which is a stereoisomer of D-fructose, is phosphorylated to D-tagatose-1-phosphate by fructokinase in the liver. Because of a slow degradation rate of D-tagatose-1-phosphate, this substance may accumulate, and ingested D-tagatose may therefore cause a longer lasting reduction in inorganic phosphate (Pi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the liver compared with D-fructose...
...Although renal fractional extraction of uric acid decreased by approximately 12%, this could not explain the acute hyperuricemic effect of D-tagatose. No changes in 31PMRS spectra or serum uric acid concentration were found after D-fructose. These results suggest that a moderate intake of D-tagatose may affect liver metabolism by phosphate trapping despite the fact that the sugar may only be incompletely absorbed in the gut.
Effects of acute and repeated oral doses of D-tagatose on
plasma uric acid in normal and diabetic humans. HERE
Saunders JP(1), Donner TW, Sadler JH, Levin GV, Makris NG.
1 Biospherics Incorporated, 12051 Indian Creek Court, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;29(2 Pt 2):S57-65.
...The ingestion of three 25-g doses per day for a period of 8 weeks resulted in varying amounts of flatulence in seven of the eight subjects, and some degree of diarrhea in six subjects....
Neotame - E961 (Newtame is the trade name) Neotame.com is part of Nutrasweet.com (Aspartame)
Neotame is 15 times sweeter than sucralose and 8,000 times sweeter than sugar...
According to Neotame.com they advertise its use for cooking, bakery & snacks, beverages, confectionary, fruit spreads and salad dressings, dairy and pharmaceuticals. It can be used to compliment other sweeteners like saccharin that have a 'off taste'. 'Sweetos' (Indian name) has been added as an economic substitute for molasses; included in cattle feed in India as it 'makes them eat more' (hunger inducing = weight gain). Visit Dr Mercola's page for more information about neotame.
Neotame is also used in animal feed, especially pig feed.
Neotame is also used in animal feed, especially pig feed.
Neotame Hidden Dangers in Holiday Food Supply - HERE
Artificial sweeteners in pig feed: A worldwide survey and a case study in pig farms in Tianjin, China - HERE
Journal Contribution:
posted on 11.03.2020, 14:45 by Dandan Li Yiming Yao Hongwen Sun Yu Wang Jian Pu Raul Calderón Alfredo C. Alder Kurunthachalam Kannan
...NEO and CYC were found in 41% and 30% of the feed samples, respectively, at concentrations of 0.05–70 mg/kg, whereas other ASs were barely found with rather lower concentrations. The annual mass loads of ASs consumed via pig feed consumption were estimated at 2400 tons worldwide. Thus, pig farming is an important source of ASs to the environment.
From Dr Mercola: On August 16, 2000, the law firm of Hartman & Craven filed comments on the neotame docket pertaining to the lack of safety data submitted in support of neotame iv, stating in part:
Brought to you by: The Health and Nutrition Division of Ajinomoto Health & Nutrition North America, Inc. markets Ajinomoto Aspartame in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
By mass, it is about 20 000 times sweeter than sucrose and about 110 times sweeter than aspartame. Advantame is a non-caloric artificial sweetener and aspartame analog. (which basically means its similar to the chemical structure of Aspartame) - structurally advantame resembles a combination of aspartame and phyllodulcin.
Like Neotame, it has a portfolio of uses for human consumption. Approved for use in the E.U. in 2013 and 2014 by the FDA for the USA.
Artificial sweeteners in pig feed: A worldwide survey and a case study in pig farms in Tianjin, China - HERE
Journal Contribution:
posted on 11.03.2020, 14:45 by Dandan Li Yiming Yao Hongwen Sun Yu Wang Jian Pu Raul Calderón Alfredo C. Alder Kurunthachalam Kannan
...NEO and CYC were found in 41% and 30% of the feed samples, respectively, at concentrations of 0.05–70 mg/kg, whereas other ASs were barely found with rather lower concentrations. The annual mass loads of ASs consumed via pig feed consumption were estimated at 2400 tons worldwide. Thus, pig farming is an important source of ASs to the environment.
From Dr Mercola: On August 16, 2000, the law firm of Hartman & Craven filed comments on the neotame docket pertaining to the lack of safety data submitted in support of neotame iv, stating in part:
A food additive petition has been submitted to the FDA for the artificial sweetener neotame. In that petition, the sponsor claims the data presented demonstrate that the compound produces no adverse effects at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day in the rat. The sponsor also claims that the product should be safe for patients with diabetes. A review of the data submitted to the FDA does not support these conclusions.
In fact, no safe human usage level can be determined based on the submitted data. The animal experimental evidence indicates a toxic effect on growth. The clinical evidence raises concerns about glucose control in patients with diabetes.Searches for an explanation resolving the adverse findings leave no clear acceptable answers that would insure the safety of the public but does stimulate speculation on questions relating to possible liver effects.Advantame - E969 (branded as 'Aminosweet' in 2009)
Brought to you by: The Health and Nutrition Division of Ajinomoto Health & Nutrition North America, Inc. markets Ajinomoto Aspartame in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Like Neotame, it has a portfolio of uses for human consumption. Approved for use in the E.U. in 2013 and 2014 by the FDA for the USA.
(Ajinimoto also brought MSG (monosodium Glutamate) into the food chain - like Aspartame it's also an 'Excitotoxin' due to its Aspartic Acid content which overexcites the neurons in the brain).
Scientific Opinion on the safety of advantame for the proposed uses as a food additive - HERE
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)
EFSA Journal - First published:31 July 2013
...The Panel noted that there is an indication of advantame instability in acidic beverages and thermally treated foods. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of advantame and its main metabolite, ANS9801‐acid, have been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and humans. Advantame is rapidly but poorly absorbed and the main excretion route is via faeces...The critical effect observed in animal studies was maternal toxicity (gastrointestinal disturbances) in the prenatal developmental toxicity study in rabbits.
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)
EFSA Journal - First published:31 July 2013
...The Panel noted that there is an indication of advantame instability in acidic beverages and thermally treated foods. Metabolism and toxicokinetics of advantame and its main metabolite, ANS9801‐acid, have been studied in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and humans. Advantame is rapidly but poorly absorbed and the main excretion route is via faeces...The critical effect observed in animal studies was maternal toxicity (gastrointestinal disturbances) in the prenatal developmental toxicity study in rabbits.
Allulose
FDA In Brief: FDA Looking at Nutrition Facts Labeling of Certain Sugars, Sweeteners
Additionally, FDA Finalizes Labeling Guidance for Low-Calorie Sugar Allulose - HERE (October 16, 2020)“Last year the FDA stated that we intend to exercise enforcement discretion for a sugar, allulose, to be excluded from the total and added sugars declarations on the new Nutrition Facts label, although it must still be included in the amount of total carbohydrates. The draft guidance was based on our commitment to taking a science-based approach to food product labeling decisions. Today, we are pleased to finalize this guidance and to provide additional information to manufacturers that use allulose as an ingredient.
Japanese food ingredient manufacturer Matsutani was one of the pioneers of allulose and offers a product called Astraea, which is distributed in the U.S. by Ingredion. Ingredion says the ingredient allows food processors to maintain the bulk and mouthfeel of conventional sugar ingredients.
Astraea also allows food processors to “stop crystallization in reduced-sugar, high-solids fruit preps and get the freeze-point depression you need in low-sugar ice creams and frozen dairy desserts along with the indulgent mouthfeel that consumers prefer,” according to information on Ingredion’s website.
Sorbitol - E420
Sorbitol causes premature cataracts, retinopathy, heavy weight loss, and peripheral neuropathy - HERE
Xylitol - E967
The first thing people should know is never, never, never give it to a dog: When Xylitol is ingested by dogs it can cause a dangerous surge of insulin. At higher doses, Xylitol is believed toxic to the canine liver. Just three grams of Xylitol can kill a dog. It is genetically engineered:
While a bit technical, here's the lowdown:
... The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been genetically engineered to produce Xylitol. ...
Does that sound appetising to you?
(this important post from Betty Martini - Mission Possible:
THE DANGERS OF HIDDEN ASPARTAME IN CHEWING GUM)
A synergistic sweetener, like Acesulfame K, works well with Sucralose and Stevia
“Technically a ‘rare’ sugar, it is a low-calorie monosaccharide sugar that has the taste and texture of sucrose but with 90% fewer calories. Allulose is not metabolized by the body and therefore does not increase blood glucose or insulin levels.”
(GRAS) status by the FDA in 2012 and was reaffirmed for more uses by the FDA in 2019.
Tate & Lyle also offers an allulose under the brand 'Dolcia Prima'
(GRAS) status by the FDA in 2012 and was reaffirmed for more uses by the FDA in 2019.
Tate & Lyle also offers an allulose under the brand 'Dolcia Prima'
Japanese food ingredient manufacturer Matsutani was one of the pioneers of allulose and offers a product called Astraea, which is distributed in the U.S. by Ingredion. Ingredion says the ingredient allows food processors to maintain the bulk and mouthfeel of conventional sugar ingredients.
Astraea also allows food processors to “stop crystallization in reduced-sugar, high-solids fruit preps and get the freeze-point depression you need in low-sugar ice creams and frozen dairy desserts along with the indulgent mouthfeel that consumers prefer,” according to information on Ingredion’s website.
Matsutani also has developed a sweetener that combines allulose with other rare sugars and the more traditional sweeteners glucose and fructose. This ingredient, called RareSugarSweet, offers the characteristics of glucose syrup but with substantially fewer calories.
Sorbitol - E420
Sorbitol causes premature cataracts, retinopathy, heavy weight loss, and peripheral neuropathy - HERE
Xylitol - E967
The first thing people should know is never, never, never give it to a dog: When Xylitol is ingested by dogs it can cause a dangerous surge of insulin. At higher doses, Xylitol is believed toxic to the canine liver. Just three grams of Xylitol can kill a dog. It is genetically engineered:
While a bit technical, here's the lowdown:
... The microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been genetically engineered to produce Xylitol. ...
Does that sound appetising to you?
(this important post from Betty Martini - Mission Possible:
THE DANGERS OF HIDDEN ASPARTAME IN CHEWING GUM)
Visit this website for the complete lowdown on all things sweet. I wouldn't take this guide as verbatim when it comes to rating safety on some of the artificial sweeteners but it has some really useful info.
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