An interesting conversation below posted on Reddit:
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| Anonymous | Family used to own a convenience store. When the soda fountain guy came to refill the machine one day, we saw him replacing the rubber seals on just the diet sodas. We asked why and he casually said “oh the diet sodas eat the rubber and the seals fail, so I just replace the seals on the diet sodas every time i come.” That ended my Diet Coke habit that day... |
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Diet sodas trick your saliva: Study reveals how sweetened drinks impact oral enzymes and insulin levels - HERE (2023)
Sucralose and Erythritol — Not Too Sweet - HERE
...The diversity of artificial sweeteners and their potential effect on the gut
microbiota — an effect that may itself confer a
risk of disease — adds further complexity to the
puzzle. Nonetheless, the recent studies underscore the need for clinical trials that evaluate the
effect of artificial sweeteners on human health
and disease...
Analysis and occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in German waste water and surface water and in soil aquifer treatment (SAT) HERE (Academia)
The widespread distribution of acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose in the aquatic environment could be proven. Concentrations in two influents of German sewage treatment plants (STPs) were up to 190 μ g/L for cyclamate, about 40 μ g/L for acesulfame and saccharin, and less than 1 μ g/L for sucralose. Removal in the STPs was limited for acesulfame and sucralose and >94% for saccharin and cyclamate. The persistence of some artificial sweeteners during soil aquifer treatment was demonstrated and confirmed their environ-mental relevance. The use of sucralose and acesulfame astracers for anthropogenic contamination is conceivable. In German surface waters, acesulfame was the predominant artificial sweetener with concentrations exceeding 2 μ g/L. Other sweeteners were detected up to several hundred nanograms per liter in the order saccharin ≈ cyclamate >sucralose.
Aqueous Degradation of Artificial Sweeteners Saccharin and Neotame by Metal Organic Framework Material - HERE
Abstract: The artificial sweeteners (ASs) saccharin (SAC) and neotame (NEO) are widely used across the globe and are considered as emerging contaminants in surface, ground, and drinking waters...
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Sep;155:107786.
...In result, the existing evidences in addition to our study should ring the bell for clinicians and practitioners who are prescribing those sugar-alternatives as "healthy substitute" to white sugar. Moreover, this encourages the manufacturers to search for a healthy natural alternative to artificial sweeteners to be used in the manufacturing process.
Effect of Stevia rebaudiana, sucrose and
aspartame on human health: A comprehensive
review - HERE (pdf)
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2018; 6(1): 102-108
...Conclusion
Recent studies confirm the presence of toxic metabolite after
aspartame administration and it affirm the need to caution the
people who are using aspartame routinely. Since it is
consumed more by diabetic people whose metabolism is
already altered, it is essential to create awareness regarding
the usage of this artificial sweetener...
Non-nutritive sweeteners and type 2 diabetes: Should we ring the bell? HERE
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Sep;155:107786.
...In result, the existing evidences in addition to our study should ring the bell for clinicians and practitioners who are prescribing those sugar-alternatives as "healthy substitute" to white sugar. Moreover, this encourages the manufacturers to search for a healthy natural alternative to artificial sweeteners to be used in the manufacturing process.
Quantification of four artificial sweeteners in Finnish surface waters with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry - HERE
...The artificial sweeteners sucralose (SCL), acesulfame (ACS), saccharin (SAC), and cyclamate (CYC) have been detected in environmental waters in Europe and North America.
Association Between Intake of Artificially Sweetened and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Preterm Delivery: A Large Prospective Cohort Study - HERE
Am J Clin Nutr. | 2012 Sep;96(3):552-9.
...Results: Intakes of both AS and SS beverages increased with increasing BMI and energy intake and were higher in women with less education, in daily smokers, and in single women. A high intake of AS beverages was associated with preterm delivery; the adjusted OR for those drinking >1 serving/d was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24). Drinking >1 serving of SS beverages per day was also associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (adjusted OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45). The trend tests were positive for both beverage types.
Conclusion: This study suggests that a high intake of both AS and SS beverages is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery.
The Truth About Artificial Sweeteners - Are They Good for Diabetics? HERE
Indian Heart Journal | Jan-Feb 2018;70(1):197-199.
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are thought to be beneficial for diabetics or obese where refined sugar can be a problem. These low-calorie sweeteners are seemingly safe to use, provide sweetness without calories, and provide a choice of sweet foods to those who otherwise cannot partake them (refined sugars). However, while artificial sweeteners may indeed restrict calories most of them have no beneficial effects on control of diabetes mellitus; rather possibly increase its risk. Additionally, there could be some other safety concerns possibly risk of cancer.
A bitter aftertaste: unintended effects of artificial sweeteners on the gut microbiome. HERE
Abstract
Intestinal microbial communities regulate a range of host physiological functions, from energy harvest and glucose homeostasis to immune development and regulation. Suez et al. (2014) recently demonstrated that artificial sweeteners alter gut microbial communities, leading to glucose intolerance in both mice and humans.
Non-nutritive sweeteners and their role in the gastrointestinal tract. HERE
CONCLUSIONS:
In humans, few studies have examined the hormonal effects of non-nutritive sweeteners, and inconsistent results have been reported, with the majority not recapitulating in vitro data. Further research is needed to determine whether non-nutritive sweeteners have physiologically significant biological activity in humans.
The Association Between Artificial Sweeteners and Obesity. HERE
RECENT FINDINGS:
Although artificial sweeteners were developed as a sugar substitute to help reduce insulin resistance and obesity, data in both animal models and humans suggest that the effects of artificial sweeteners may contribute to metabolic syndrome and the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners appear to change the host microbiome, lead to decreased satiety, and alter glucose homeostasis, and are associated with increased caloric consumption and weight gain. Artificial sweeteners are marketed as a healthy alternative to sugar and as a tool for weight loss. Data however suggests that the intended effects do not correlate with what is seen in clinical practice. Future research should focus on the newer plant-based sweeteners, incorporate extended study durations to determine the long-term effects of artificial sweetener consumption, and focus on changes in the microbiome, as that seems to be one of the main driving forces behind nutrient absorption and glucose metabolism.
Artificial sweeteners are not the answer to childhood obesity. HERE
...For example, artificial sweeteners can interfere with basic learning processes that serve to anticipate the normal consequences of consuming sugars, leading to overeating, diminished release of hormones such as GLP-1, and impaired blood glucose regulation. In addition, artificial sweeteners can alter gut microbiota in rodent models and humans, which can also contribute to impaired glucose regulation. Use of artificial sweeteners may also be particularly problematic in children since exposure to hyper-sweetened foods and beverages at young ages may have effects on sweet preferences that persist into adulthood. Taken as a whole, current evidence suggests that a focus on reducing sweetener intake, whether the sweeteners are caloric or non-caloric, remains a better strategy for combating overweight and obesity than use of artificial sweeteners.
Non-caloric artificial sweeteners and the microbiome: findings and challenges. HERE
...We recently demonstrated that NAS consumption could induce glucose intolerance in mice and distinct human subsets, by functionally altering the gut microbiome. In this commentary, we discuss these findings in the context of previous and recent works demonstrating the effects of NAS on host health and the microbiome, and the challenges and open questions that need to be addressed in understanding the effects of NAS consumption on human health.
Reshaping the gut microbiota: Impact of low calorie sweeteners and the link to insulin resistance? HERE
Abstract
Disruption in the gut microbiota is now recognized as an active contributor towards the development of obesity and insulin resistance. This review considers one class of dietary additives known to influence the gut microbiota that may predispose susceptible individuals to insulin resistance - the regular, long-term consumption of low-dose, low calorie sweeteners. While the data are controversial, mounting evidence suggests that low calorie sweeteners should not be dismissed as inert in the gut environment. Sucralose, aspartame and saccharin, all widely used to reduce energy content in foods and beverages to promote satiety and encourage weight loss, have been shown to disrupt the balance and diversity of gut microbiota. Fecal transplant experiments, wherein microbiota from low calorie sweetener consuming hosts are transferred into germ-free mice, show that this disruption is transferable and results in impaired glucose tolerance, a well-known risk factor towards the development of a number of metabolic disease states. As our understanding of the importance of the gut microbiota in metabolic health continues to grow, it will be increasingly important to consider the impact of all dietary components, including low calorie sweeteners, on gut microbiota and metabolic health.
In Silico: Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity prediction of Sugar substitutes - HERE (pdf)
Charli Deepak Arulanandam (1), Venkatadri Babu (2), Yugendhar Soorni (3), Prathiviraj R (4)
1 Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2 Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai-600034, Tamil Nadu, India
3 Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
4 Medicinal chemistry and drug discovery, Onium Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore- 560016 Karnataka, India
Published: January 30, 2021
... From 16 sugar substitutes tested here, four compounds (SCL, Ace, GLU, and P-4000) were confirmed as mutagens by using three mutagenicity prediction tools. GLU and P-4000 were predicted as carcinogens in all tested in silico models applied here. The results provided predictions on the impacts of sugar substitutes on the abiotic and biotic environment including humans. It considered toxicological endpoints and provided a fast, inexpensive, and heuristic approach.
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